Shame is a novel about Pakistan and about the people who ruled Pakistan. The basic idea was to portray the lives of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto[?] and General Zia-ul-Haq[?] and their relationship. Another, and actually more central, theme is the violence that is born out of shame. There are characters that actually 'stand' for 'shame' and 'shamelessness' - Sufiya Zinobia and Omar Khayyam respectively. There is magical realism and there is the usual magical writing that characterises Rushdie's novels.
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