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SAMPA/temp

SAMPA: simplified chart of consonants
(the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants)

Bilabial

Labiodentals

Dentals

Alveolars

Postalveolars[?]

Palatals

Velars

Uvulars

Stops
or affricates

c	(stroked j?)

Fricatives

(phi ?)

Nasals

Laterals

(dark l?)

Rhotics (flaps or trills)

(retroflex r?)

Semivowels

w
H

SAMPA: simplified list of consonants
SAMPA	IPA	Description	Examples
p	p	voiceless bilabial stop	English pen
b	b	voiced bilabial stop	English but
t	t	voiceless alveolar stop	English two
d	d	voiced alveolar stop	English do
tS	t + (long s?)	voiceless postalveolar affricate	English chair, picture, Spanish mucho, Italian cena, German Deutsche
dZ	d + (z with tail?)	voiced postalveolar affricate	English gin, joy, Italiangiorno
c	c	voiceless palatal stop	Greek [ce] 'and'
(stroked j?)	overstroked j, j	voiced palatal stop	??
k	k	voiceless velar stop	English cat, kill, queen
g	g	voiced velar stop	English go, get
q	q	voiceless uvular stop	Arabic qof
(phi ?)	Greek phi	voiceless bilabial fricative	Japanese fu
B	Greek beta	voiced bilabial fricative	Spanish cabo, calvo
f	f	voiceless labiodental fricative	English fool, enough
v	v	voiced labiodental fricative	English voice, German Welt
T	Greek theta	voiceless dental fricative	English thing, Castilian Spanish caza
D	Icelandic eth ð, or Greek delta	voiced dental fricative	English this, Spanish cada
s	s	voiceless alveolar fricative	English see, pass, city, Spanish sí, German Gross
z	z	voiced alveolar fricative	English zoo, roses, German See
S	(long s?)	voiceless postalveolar fricative	English she, sure, emotion, French chemin, Italian scendo
Z	(z with tail?)	voiced postalveolar fricative	French jour, English pleasure
C	cedilla, ç	voiceless palatal fricative	German Ich, Greek [Ceri] 'hand', some English pronunciations of human
x	x	voiceless velar fricative	Scots loch, Spanish ajo, German Buch
G	Greek gamma	voiced velar fricative	Spanish algo
h	h	voiceless uvular fricative	English ham, German Hand
h\	h with upper tail to the right	voiced uvular fricative	Some English pronunciations of aha
m	m	bilabial nasal	English man
F	m with downward right tail	labiodental nasal	Spanish infierno
n	n	alveolar nasal	English no
J	n with downward left tail	palatal nasal	US English canyon, Spanish año, French oignion, Italian gnocchi, Hungarian anyu
N	n with downward right tail	velar nasal	English singer, ring
l	l	alveolar lateral	English left
L	turned down y	palatal lateral	Italian aglio, Catalan colla
(dark l?)	small capital L	velar lateral	English milk (dark l), Catalan alga
r	r without seriff	alveolar flap	US English better, Spanish pero
rr	r with seriff	alveolar trill	Spanish perro, rey
(retroflex r?)	r with downward tail to the left	retroflex alveolar flap	English run, very
R	small capital R	uvular trill	French rue, standard German Reich
w	w	rounded back semivowel	English we, Frech oui, Spanish hueso
H	turned down h	rounded front semivowel	French huit
j	j	unrounded front semivowel	English yes, Frech yeux, German ja

SAMPA: simplified chart of vowels
(the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels)

Front

Central

Back

Closed or high

i
I

}

(upside-down m?)

u
U

Half closed

@	(stroked o?)

(squeezed gamma?)

Half open

E
3

Open or low

{

Vowel modifiers:

[ ~ ] after a vowel indicates that

it is nasalised (e.g. French bon [bO~] ).

[ : ] after a vowel indicates that

it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō [So:So:], English see [si:] ).

SAMPA: simplified list of vowels
SAMPA	IPA	Description	Examples
i	i	front closed unrounded vowel	English see, Spanish sí, French vite, German mieten
I	small capital I	front closed unrounded vowel, but somewhat more centralised and relaxed	English city, German mit
e	e	front half closed unrounded vowel	US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més
E	Greek epsilon	front half open unrounded vowel	English bed, French même, German Herr, Italian ferro, Catalan mes
3	Greek epsilon mirrored to the left	front half open unrounded vowel, but somewhat more centralised and relaxed	English bird
{	ae ligature, æ	front open unrounded vowel	English cat
y	y	front closed rounded vowel	French du, German Tür
2	slashed o, ø	front half closed rounded vowel	French deux (hence '2'), German Höhle
9	oe ligature, œ	front half open rounded vowel	French neuf (hence '9'), German Hölle
&	small capital OE ligature, Œ	front open rounded vowel	??
1	overstroked i, i	central closed unrounded vowel	Russian [m1s] 'mouse'
@	turned down e, schwa	central neutral unrounded vowel	English about, winner, German bitte
a	a	central open vowel	Spanish da, French bateau, lac, German Haar
}	overstroked u, u	central closed rounded vowel	Swedish sju
(stroked o?)	overstroked o, o	central neutral rounded vowel	??
u	u	back closed rounded vowel	English soon, Spanish tú, French goût, German Hut
U	turned down small capital Greek omega	front closed rounded vowel somewhat more centralised and relaxed	English put, German Mutter
o	o	back half closed rounded vowel	US English sore, Spanish yo, French beau, German Sohle, Italian dove, Catalan ona
O	c mirrored to the left	back half open rounded vowel	English law, caught, Italian uomo, Catalan dona
Q	'b' with no upper tail	back open rounded vowel	English not, cough, German Toll
(upside-down m?)	upside-down m	back closed unrounded vowel	(?) Vietnamese &x01B0; (?) Korean &xC73C;
(squeezed gamma?)	squeezed Greek gamma	back half closed unrounded vowel	(?) Vietnamese &x01A1; (?) Korean &xC5B4;
V	turned down v	back half open unrounded vowel	English run, enough
A	'd' with no upper tail	back open unrounded vowel	English arm, US English law, standard French âme

SAMPA: English Consonants
SAMPA	Examples
p	English pen
b	English but
t	English two
d	English do
tS	English chair, picture
dZ	English gin, joy
k	English cat, kill, queen
g	English go, get
f	English fool, enough
v	English voice
T	English thing
D	English this
s	English see, pass, city
z	English zoo, roses
S	English she, sure, emotion
Z	English pleasure
x	Scots loch
h	English ham
m	English man
n	English no
J	US English canyon
N	English singer, ring
l	English left
(dark l?)	English milk (dark l)
(retroflex r?)	English run, very
r	US English better
w	English we
j	English yes

SAMPA: English Vowels (RP)
SAMPA	Examples
i	see
I	city
E	bed
3	bird
{	cat
A	arm, US English law
V	run, enough
Q	not, cough
O	law, caught
U	put
u	soon
@	about, winner

SAMPA: English Diphthongs (RP)
SAMPA	Examples
eI	day
aI	my
OI	boy
@U	no
aU	now
I@	near, here
E@	hair, there
U@	poor
O@	more
ju	pupil

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