Pope Pius VIII was Cardinal Francesco Saverio Castigliani before becoming Pope. He was born in Cingoli[?], Italy. He became Pope in 1829 and died in 1830. An autopsy carried out after his death found evidence that he had been poisoned.
... during photosynthesis is not in fact derived from the carbon dioxide, but rather from the water molecules which are consumed in the reaction. This was first proposed ...