Pippin III

Pippin III (714 - 768) more often known as Pippin the Short (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was King of the Franks from 751 - 768.

He was born in 714 in Jupille[?], in what is today part of Belgium, but then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, Mayor of the Austrasian Palace, and his mother was Chrotrud (690-724). In 740 Pepin married Bertrada of Laon. Of their children, two sons and one daughter survived to adulthood.

On the death of his father in 741, Pippin became Mayor of the Palace and attempted to divide power with his brothers Carloman and Grifo[?]. Grifo soon lost all power to his brothers, and Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pippin as mayor for the Merovingian king Childeric III. Childeric was unable to fulfill the most important function of a Frankish king, namely, to provide his warriors with a constant source of booty; Pippin was thus able to demonstrate to the leading men of the Franks that, as a better military leader, he was more qualified to be their king. He succeeded in obtaining the support of the papacy, which helped to discourage opposition. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of the Frankish leading-men and anointed at Soissons, perhaps by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz.

During his reign, Pippin III's conquests gave him more power than anyone since the days of King Clovis. He added to that power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint King Pippin in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of Patrician of the Romans. As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pippin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pippin's younger son Carloman, and his elder brother, Charles (born April 2, 742) who would eventually be known as Charlemagne.

Pippin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombards as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the church. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of France with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by making Aquitaine a part of his kingdom.

Pippin III died at Saint Denis on September 24, 768 and is interred there in the Abbey Basilica with his wife Bertrada (720 - July 12, 783).

Related articles

• Franks (main history of Frankish kingdoms)
• List of Frankish Kings
• Carolingians