In telecommunication, a neutral direct-current telegraph system is a telegraph system in which (a) current flows during marking intervals and no current flows during spacing intervals for the transmission of signals over a line, and (b) the direction of current flow is immaterial. Synonymssingle-current system, single-current transmission system, single-Morse system.
... equation is now in a form in which we can conveniently complete the square[?]. To "complete the square" is to add a constant (i.e., in this case, ...