Mumps

Mumps (or Epidemic parotitis) is a viral disease[?] of humans. Prior to the development of vaccination, it was a common childhood disease[?] worldwide, and is still a significant threat to health in the third world.

It causes painful enlargement of the salivary or parotid glands[?].

Causes and risks

The mumps are caused by a paramyxovirus, which is spread from person to person by saliva droplets[?] or direct contact with articles that have been contaminated with infected saliva. The parotid glands (the salivary glands between the ear and the jaw) are usually involved. Children between the ages of 2 and 12 are most commonly infected, but the infection can occur in other age groups. In older people, other organs may become involved including the testes, the central nervous system, the pancreas, the prostate, the breasts, and other organs. The incubation period is usually 12 to 24 days.

Prevention

MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles, mumps and rubella and should be given to children 15 months old. The vaccination is repeated in some locations between 4 to 6 years of age, or between 11 and 12 years of age if not previously given. See also immunizations - general overview.

Symptoms

face pain

swelling of the parotid glands (neck swelling)

fever

headache

sore throat

swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)

Additional symptoms in males that may be associated with this disease:

testicular pain

testicular enlargement

scrotal swelling

Signs and tests

A physical examination confirms the presence of the swollen glands. Usually the disease is diagnosed on clinical grounds and no confirmatory laboratory testing is needed.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for mumps. Symptoms may be relieved by the application of intermittent ice or heat to the affected neck area, acetaminophen - oral for pain relief (do not give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk of Reye's syndrome[?]). Warm salt water gargles, soft foods, and extra fluids may also help relieve symptoms.

Prognosis

The probable outcome is good, even if other organs are involved. Sterility in men from involvement of the testes is very rare. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps occurs.

Complications

infection of other organ systems

sterility in men (rare)

Call your health care provider if

Call your health care provider if you have mumps and severe headache, persistent drowsiness, eye redness, or persistent vomiting or abdominal pain develops.

Call your health care provider if testicle pain or testicle lump occurs.

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsions occur.

Update Date: 08/15/01

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Copied from the National Library of Medicine's Medline Plus (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001557.htm) website. Update date included for cross-reference against newer versions.
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