In telecommunications, message switching was the precursor of packet switching, where messages were routed in their entirety, one hop at a time. Message switching systems are nowadays mostly implemented over packet-switched or circuit-switched data networks[?].
Hop-by-hop Telex forwarding and UUCP are examples of message switching systems. E-mail is another example of a message switching system.
... Ainus inhabit the south part of the island. From the 32,000 Russians (of whom over 22,150 were convicts) at the beginning of 20th century, the population grew to 673,100 ...