Logical programming

Logical programming or constraint programming is a programming paradigm in which a set of attributes that a solution should have are specified rather than set of steps to obtain such a solution. A widely used logical programming language is Prolog. Another, more commercial language is Mercury.

Schematically, the process is facts + rules = results. For a different approach, see Inductive logic programming.

The monkey and banana problem[?] is a famous problem studied in the community of logical programming. It is the problem that instead of that programmers explicitly specify the path of how the monkey reaches the banana, the computer actually reason a possible way that the monkey reaches the banana.