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List of Dukes of Parma
The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860.
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Farnese Dukes of Parma, 1545-1731
- Piero Lodovico 1545-1547
- Ottavio 1547-1586
- Alessandro[?] 1586-1592
- Rainuccio I 1592-1622
- Odoardo 1622-1646
- Rainuccio II 1646-1694
- Francesco 1694-1727
- Antonio Francesco 1727-1731
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1731-1735
- Charles I 1731-1735
Habsburg Dukes of Parma, 1735-1748
- Emperor Charles VI 1735-1740
- Maria Theresa 1740-1748
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1748-1802
- Philip 1748-1765
- Ferdinand 1765-1802
Habsburg Dukes of Parma, 1814-1847
- Maria Luisa[?] 1814-1847
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1847-1860
- Charles II Louis 1847-1848
- Charles III 1848-1854
- Robert 1854-1860
Bourbon Dukes of Parma since 1860
- Roberto I 1860-1907
- Enrico 1907-1939
- Giuseppe 1939-1950
- Elias (regent 1907-1950) 1950-1959
- Roberto II 1959-1974
- Xavier 1974-1977
- Carlos Hugo 1977-present
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