Gram Parsons

Parsons started his career as a folk singer in Massachusetts coffee houses. A meeting with like-minded musicians saw him form the International Submarine Band[?] in 1966, and rekindled his interest in country music. The band relocated to Los Angeles the following year, to record an album (1967's Safe At Home).

By 1968, Parsons had come to the attention of The Byrds who, depleted by the firing of David Crosby, were seeking new members. Under the influence of Gram and original member Roger McGuinn, the Byrds embraced country music wholeheartedly on their Sweetheart Of The Rodeo album (1968), which included several of Parsons' songs, including the evocative "Hickory Wind". During their subsequent tour, however, Parsons left the band, after refusing to play in apartheid South Africa, and spent the remainder of the tour building his friendship with Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones.

Returning to Los Angeles, Parsons and another ex-Byrd, Chris Hillman[?], looked to continue to play their country-styled rock-and-roll music. With bassist Chris Ethridge and pedal steel[?] player "Sneaky" Pete Kleinlow[?] they formed The Flying Burrito Brothers. Playing a mixture of country and soul music standards with some Hillman/Parsons compositions they rapidly recorded their first album, The Gilded Palace Of Sin (1969), another record which, whilst not a commercial success, provided a template for the country-rock to follow.

By this time, Parsons' own use of drugs had increased to the extent that the recording of the followup, Burrito Deluxe (1970), was slow and acrimonious, and it was no surprise that Parsons left the group. The album was less inspired than its predecessor, but did contain a version of "Wild Horses", a Rolling Stones song that was clear evidence of Parsons' influence on that band.

His friendship with Keith Richards led to sharing some of Keith's passion for excessive drinking and drugs. During the 1970's Parsons' efforts to blur the line between country music and rock and roll was a key influence on many bands such as The Byrds, The Eagles, and the Rolling Stones. His inspiration may also be heard in many alt-country[?] bands such as Son Volt[?], The Jayhawks, and Wilco. Wary of labels, Parsons was satisfied to describe his own records merely as Cosmic American Music.

The remainder of 1970 was largely wasted by Parsons, and his penchant for cocaine resulted in the abandoning of sessions for what was to have been a solo record, and Gram returned to hanging out with the Stones, first in London and later France, during the recording of Exile on Main Street.

Parsons returned to the US, for a one-off concert with the Burritos, and at Hillman's instigation, went to hear Emmylou Harris sing in a small club in Washington D.C. They became friends and, within a year, he asked her to join him in LA for another attempt to record his first solo album, that would eventually be released as GP (1973). Working with a crack group of session musicians, including James Burton and many others who had worked with Elvis Presley, the record was completed quickly, containing an equal mix of Parsons' songs and cover versions.

To promote the new record Parsons, Harris and a new band (Gram Parsons and the Fallen Angels) toured across the US, but the sessionmen returned for Grievous Angel (1974), which again centred on the harmonies between Parsons and Harris, but added more country-rock numbers as a contrast to the balladry of GP. It received even more enthusiastic reviews, and attained classic status after Gram's early death.

Parsons died September 19th, 1973 in Joshua Tree, California at the age of 26 from a drug overdose. In a story that has taken on legendary stature Parsons' body disappeared from the Los Angeles International Airport, where it was being readied to be shipped to Louisiana for burial. His former road manager Phil Kaufman had heard a story that Gram had not wanted to be buried when he died, but instead would rather be taken out to Joshua Tree and burned. Kaufman and a friend managed to steal Parson's body from Los Angeles Airport and in a borrowed hearse drove Parsons' body to Joshua Tree where they cremated it.

Discography

• Safe At Home : International Submarine Band (1966)
• Sweetheart Of The Rodeo : The Byrds (1968)
• The Gilded Palace Of Sin : Flying Burrito Brothers (1969)
• Untitled : The Byrds (1970)
• Burrito Deluxe : Flying Burrito Brothers (1970)
• GP : Gram Parsons (1973)
• Grievous Angel : Gram Parsons (1974)
• Early Years (1963-1965) : Gram Parsons (1979)
• Live 1973 : Gram Parsons and the Fallen Angels (1982)

• www.gramparsons.com (http://www.gramparsons.com), a fan page with many links
• Parsons biography (http://ebni.com/byrds/memgrp1) on a Byrds-oriented web site
• Another Parsons biography (http://www.dizzyrambler.com/legends/GParsons/parsons_bio) with a lot of graphics, high-school pictures, album covers, International Submarine Band logos and band pictures, and more.

Further Reading

• In The Country of Country: A Journey to the Roots of American Music, Nicholas Dawidoff, Vintage Books, 1998. ISBN 0-375-70082-x

• Are You Ready for the Country: Elvis, Dylan, Parsons and the Roots of Country Rock, Peter Dogget, Penguin Books, 2001. ISBN 0-140-26108-7

• Dreaming Out Loud: Garth Brooks, Wynona Judd, Wade Hayes and the changing face of Nashville, Bruce Feiler, Avon Books, 1998. ISBN 0-380-97578-5