Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) around the teeth due to improper cleaning of teeth. The condition is almost always reversible. Brushing teeth with
toothpaste and flossing with
dental floss[?] are the best ways to prevent gingivitis.
Gingivitis is usually caused by the improper cleaning of teeth. When the teeth are not cleaned properly, the plaque deposits that result irritate the gums.
Bacteria and
toxins may cause the gums to become swollen, and infected. Gingivitis can also be caused by excessively vigorous brushing or flossing. Other causes include uncontrolled
diabetes and
pregnancy, due to hormonal changes that increase the sensitivity of the gums. Hormonal changes during
puberty also may put one at risk for gingivitis. The risk of gingivitis is increased by irritated gums caused by misaligned teeth, the rough edges of fillings, and ill fitting or unclean
dentures[?], bridges, and crowns. The drug
phenytoin and birth control pills, and ingestion of heavy metals such as lead and bismuth also may cause gingivitis.
The symptoms of gingivitis are as follows:
- Swollen gums
- Mouth sores[?]
- Bright-red, or purple gums
- Shiny gums
- Gums that are painless, except when touched
- Gums that bleed easily, even with gentle brushing
Gingivitis can be prevented through regular
oral hygiene[?], including the brushing and flossing of the teeth.
It is recommended that a dentist be seen after the signs of gingivitis appear. A dentist will check for the symptoms of gingivitis, and may also examine the content of plaque at the base of the teeth. A dentist may also test for
periodontitis[?], by the use of
X-rays, or by
gingival probing[?].
A dentist will perform a thorough cleaning of the teeth and gums. Following that, persistent
oral hygiene[?] is necessary. The removal of plaque may be painful, but the inflammation of the gums should be gone between one and two weeks.
Oral hygiene[?] is required to prevent the recurrence of gingivitis. Anti-bacterial rinses or mouthwash may reduce the swelling.
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