In telecommunications, the term electronic switching system (ESS) has the following meanings:
A telephoneswitching system[?] based on the principles of time-division multiplexing of digitized analog signals. An electronic switching system digitizes analog signals from subscribers' loops, and interconnects them by assigning the digitized signals to the appropriate time slots. It may also interconnect digital data[?] or voice circuits.
A switching system with major devices constructed of semiconductor components. A semi-electronic switching system that has reed relays or crossbar matrices, as well as semiconductor components, is also considered to be an ESS.
... ineffective by experts are herbal medicines. These are usually harmless, and do not claim to treat anything important. In most countries there is no regulation of herbal ...