The Commonwealth was the republican government which ruled first England and then the whole of Britain and Ireland during 1649 - 1653 and 1659 - 1660. The term is also loosely used to describe the system of government during the whole of 1649 - 1660, the years of the Interregnum[?], although during 1653 - 1659, the government is properly called The Protectorate and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.
... born at Kempen[?], Germany (40 miles northwest of Cologne) in 1380 and died near Zwolle (52 miles east-north-east of Amsterdam) in 1471. His paternal name was Hemerken ...