Copper-based chips are semiconductor chips, such as microprocessors, which use copper for interconnections. Since copper is a better conductor than aluminium, this allows the chips to be smaller, and to use less energy, and may hence run faster.
... (with approximate English equivalents)
a - gut
aa - father
i - pin
ii - tweak
u - push
uu - moo
r^i = r + i
long r^i = r + ii or r + uu, depending on th ...