This is a conventional chronology of the rulers of ancient Egypt, taking into account well accepted developments during the 20th century but not including any of the major revision proposals that have also been made in that time.

Even within a single work, often archeologists will offer several possible dates or even several whole chronologies as possibilities. Consequently, there may be discrepancies between dates shown here and in articles on particular rulers. Often there are also several possible spellings of the names.

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The dates of Dynasties 1 to 10 are from Baines and Malek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 1980).

The dates of Dynasties 11 to 20 are from Kitchen, “The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age”, in Astrom (ed) High, Middle or Low (Gothengurg, 1987), taking his low chronology.

The dates of Dynasties 21 to 26 are from Kitchen, Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1973, Warminster).

It should be noted that there is a 60 year discrepancy between the dates proposed by these two authors. There is no attempt to remove this in the combined chronology presented below, which is the “Conventional Chronology” that is quoted by David Rohl in A Test of Time (1995, Century).

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All dates BC

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Table of contents 1 Early Dynasty Period 1.1 1st Dynasty 2920-2770 1.2 2nd Dynasty 2770-2650 2 Old Kingdom 2.1 3rd Dynasty 2.2 4th Dynasty 2.3 5th Dynasty 2.4 6th Dynasty 3 First Intermediate Period 3.1 7th and 8th Dynasty 2150-2135 3.2 9th and 10th Dynasty 2135-1986 3.3 11th Dynasty 4 Middle Kingdom 4.1 11th Dynasty (continued) 4.2 12th Dynasty 5 Second Intermediate Period 5.1 13th Dynasty 5.2 14th Dynasty 5.3 15th Dynasty 1633-1525 5.4 16th Dynasty 5.5 17th Dynasty 1606-1539 6 New Kingdom 6.1 18th Dynasty 6.2 19th Dynasty 6.3 20th Dynasty 7 Third Intermediate Period 7.1 Tanite 21st Dynasty 7.2 Theban 21st Dynasty 7.3 22nd Dynasty 7.4 23rd Dynasty 7.5 24th Dynasty 7.6 25th Dynasty 7.7 26th Dynasty 8 Late Period 8.1 26th Dynasty (continued)

Early Dynasty Period

1st Dynasty 2920-2770

• Menes
• Djer
• Wadj
• Den
• Anedjib
• Semerkhet
• Kaa

2nd Dynasty 2770-2650

• Hetepsekhemwy
• Reneb
• Ninetjer
• Peribsen
• Khasekhemwy

Old Kingdom

3rd Dynasty

• Zanakht 2650-262630
• Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630-2611
• Sekhemkhet 2611-2603
• Khaba 2603-2599
• Huni 2599-2575

4th Dynasty

• Snefru 2575-2551
• Khufu (Cheopa) 2551-2528
• Radjedef 2528-2520
• Khafre (Chephren) 2520-2494
• Menkhaure (Mycerinus) 2490-2472
• Shepseskaf 2472-2467

5th Dynasty

• Userkhaf 2465-2458
• Sahure 2458-2446
• Neferirkare Kakai 2446-2426
• Shepseskare Ini 2426-2419
• Raneferef 2419-2416
• Niuserre Izi 2416-2392
• Menkauhore 2396-2388
• Djedkare Izezi 2388-2356
• Wenis (Unas) 2356-2323

6th Dynasty

• Teti 2323-2291
• Pepy I (Meryre) 2289-2255
• Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2255-2246
• Pepy II (Neferkare) 2246-2152

First Intermediate Period

7th and 8th Dynasty 2150-2135

9th and 10th Dynasty 2135-1986

11th Dynasty

• Montuhotep I 2080-2074
• Inytoyef I (Sehertawy) 2074-2064
• Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2064-2015
• Inyotef III 2015-2007
• Montuhotep II 2007-1986

Middle Kingdom

11th Dynasty (continued)

• Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986-1956
• Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956-1944
• Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944-1937

12th Dynasty

• Amenemhat I (Sehetepibre) 1937-1908
• Senuseret I (Kheperkare) 1917-1872
• Amenemhat II (Nubkaure) 1875-1840
• Senuseret II (Khakheperre) 1842-1836
• Amenemhat III (Nimaartre) 1817-1772
• Amenemhat IV (Maakherure) 1772-1763
• Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763-1759

Second Intermediate Period

13th Dynasty

21 kings for about 63 years then

• Neferhotep 1696-1685
• Sihathor 1685-1685
• Sobekhotep IV 1685-1678
• Sobekhotep V 1678-1674
• Iaib 1674-1664
• Ay 1664-1641

Then 6 more kings for about 20 years

14th Dynasty

About 76 minor kings of the Delta, contemporary with the second half of the 13th dynasty.

15th Dynasty 1633-1525

• Salitis
• Bnon
• Apachnan (Khyan)
• Iannas (Ianassi son of Kyan)
• Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
• Assis

16th Dynasty

32 minor kings contemporary with the 15th and 17th dynasties.

17th Dynasty 1606-1539

About 15 kings in all, contemporary with the 15th dynasty, the last three being

• Tao I (Senakhtenre)
• Tao II (Sekenenre)
• Kamose (Wadjkheperre)

New Kingdom

18th Dynasty

• Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) 1539-1514
• Amenotep I 1514-1493
• Thutmose I (Akheperkare) 1493-1481
• Thutmose II (Akheperenre) 1481-1479
• Thutmose III (Menkeperre) 1479-1425
• Hatshepsut (Maatkare) 1473-1458
• Amenhotep III 1382-1344
• Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten (Neferkheperure-waenre) 1352-1336
• Neferneferuaten (Ankhkheperure = Nefertiti) 1341-1337
• Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) 1337-1336
• Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) 1336-1327
• Ay (Kheperkheperure) 1327-1323
• Haremheb (Djeserkheperure) 1323-1295

19th Dynasty

• Ramesses I (Menpehtyre) 1295-1294
• Seti I (Manmaatre) 1294-1297
• Ramesses II[?] (Usermaatre-setepenre) 1200-1194
• Merenptah (Baenre-hotephirmaat) 1213-1203
• Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203-1200
• Seti II (Userkheperure-setepenre) 1194-1188
• Tausert (Sitre-meritamun) 1188-1186

20th Dynasty

• Setnakht (Userkhaure-meryamun) 1186-1184
• Ramesses III (Usermaatre-meryamun) 1184-1153
• Ramesses IV (Hekamaatre-setepenamun) 1153-1147
• Ramesses V (Usermaatre-sekheperenre) 1147-1153
• Ramesses VI (Nebmaatre-meryamun) 1143-1136
• Ramesses VII (Usermaatre-setepenre) 1136-1129
• Ramesses VIII (Usermaatre-akhenamun) 1129-1126
• Ramesses IX (Neferkare-setepenre) 1126-1108
• Ramesses X (Khepermaatre-setepenre) 1108-1099
• Ramesses XI (Menmaatre-setepenptah) 1099-1069

Third Intermediate Period

Tanite 21st Dynasty

• Smendes (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 1069-1043
• Amenemnisu (Neferkare-hekawaset) 1043-1039
• Psusennes I (Akheperre-setepenamun) 1039-991
• Amenemopet (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 993-984
• Osorkon the Elder (Akheperre-setepenre) 984-978
• Stamun (Netjerkheperre-setepenre) 978-959
• Har-Psusennes II (Tjekheperre-setepenre) 959-945

Theban 21st Dynasty

• Herihor 1080-1074
• Piankh 1074-1070
• Pinudjem I 1070-1032
• Masaharta 1054-1046
• Djedkonsefankh 1046-1045
• Mankheperre 1045-992
• Smendes II 992-990
• Pinudjem II 990-969
• Psusennes III 969-945

22nd Dynasty

• Shoshenk I (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 945-924
• Osorkon I (Sekhemkheperre-setepenre) 924-889
• Shoshenk II (Hekakheperre-setepenre) 890-889
• Takelot I (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 889-874
• Osorkon II (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 874-850
• Harsiese (Hedjkheperre-setepenamun) 870-860
• Takelot II (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 850-825
• Shoshenk III (Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 825-773
• Pimay (Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 773-767
• Shoshenk V (Akheperre) 767-730
• Osorkon IV (Akheperre-setepenamun) 730-715

23rd Dynasty

• Pedubast (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 818-793
• Iuput I 804-803
• Shoshank IV (Usermaatre-meryamun) 793-787
• Osorkon III (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 787-759
• Takelot III (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 764-757
• Rudamun (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 757-754
• Iuput II (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 754-720
• Shoshenk IV (Wasneterre-setepenre) 720-715

24th Dynasty

• Tefnakht (Shepsesre) 727-720
• Bekenranef (Wahkare) 720-715

25th Dynasty

• Alara 780-760
• Kashta (Maatre) 760-747
• Plankhy or Piye (Usermaatre/Sneferre) 747-716
• Shabaka (Neferkare) 716-702
• Taharka (Nefertemkhure) 690-664
• Tantamani (Bakare) 664-656

26th Dynasty

• Ameris 715-695
• Tefnakht I 695-688
• Nekauba 688-672
• Necho I (Menkheperre) 672-664

Late Period

26th Dynasty (continued)

• Psamtek I (Wahibre) 664-610
• Necho II (Wehemibre) 610-595
• Psamtek II (Neferibre) 595-589
• Apries (Haaibre) 589-570
• Amasta II (Khnemibre) 570-526
• Psamtek III (Ankhkaenre) 526-525