Christian anti-Semitism/Research material

There are many verses in the New Testament which attacks Jews as a group, or on occasion, as individuals; these verses have historically been used to incite violence against Jewish people, and they are widely viewed by Jews, and by many historians, as anti-Semitic.

Professor Lillian C. Freudmann, author of "Antisemitism in the New Testament" (University Press of America, 1994) has published a detailed study of such verses, and the historical effects that they have had in the Christian community throughout history. Similar studies of such verses have been made by both Christian and Jewish scholars, including, Professors Clark Williamsom (Christian Theological Seminary), Hyam Maccoby (The Leo Baeck Institute), Norman A. Beck (Texas Lutheran College), and Michael Berenbaum (Georgetown University). Most rabbis (Jewish clerics) feel that these verses are anti-Semitic, and many liberal Christian scholars (including clergy) in American and Europe, have reached the same conclusion.

More resources to study this topic:

• "Mature Christianity: The Recognition and Repudiation of the Anti-Jewish Polemic in the New Testament" Norman A. Beck, Susquehanna Univ. Press, 1985
• "The Satanizing of the Jews: Origin and development of mystical anti-Semitism" Joel Carmichael, Fromm, 1993
• "The Origins of Anti-Semitism: Attitudes Toward Judaism in Pagan and Christian Antiquity" John G. Gager, Oxford Univ. Press, 1983
• "What Did They Think of the Jews?" Edited by Allan Gould, Jason Aronson Inc., 1991
• "The New Testament's Anti-Jewish Slander and Conventions of Ancient Polemic", Luke Johnson, Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume 3, 1989
• "Three Popes and the Jews" Pinchas E. Lapide, Hawthorne Books, 1967
• "National Socialism and the Roman Catholic Church" Nathaniel Micklem, Oxford Univ. Press, 1939
• Theological Anti-Semitism in the New Testament", Rosemary Radford Ruether, Christian Century, Feb. 1968, Vol. 85
• "John Chrysostom and the Jews" Robert L. Wilken, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, 1983

See also : Christian anti-Semitism -- Verses criticising Jews in the New Testament