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The most common chess puzzle takes the form of checkmate in N moves. Such puzzles may derive from studies which were intended to help a student of the game learn how to seal a victory, but have since evolved into an entirely separate art. The puzzle positions are seldom similar to positions from actual play, and the challenge is not to find a winning move, but rather to find the (usually unique) move which forces checkmate as rapidly as possible. Orthodox chess puzzles involve positions that can arise from actual game play (although the process of getting to that position may be unrealistic.) Heterodox chess puzzles involve conditions that are impossible with normal play such as multiple Kings, or chess variants, while fairy puzzles emply pieces not used in orthodox chess, such as the amazon (a piece combining the powers of the queen and the knight).
One of the many types of chess puzzles is to deduce the location of invisible pieces based on information about how many times certain squares are attacked. For example, in the position below, the challenge is to place a white king, queen, rook, knight, and bishop in the five highlighted squares so that the squares with numbers in them are attacked zero and four times respectively. (See the talk page for the answer.)
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