In the sentence, "You do that?", the subject "you" has the case role of "agent" and the object "that" has the case role of "patient".
The meaningful case roles are dependent on the process. eg:
The term has its origins in linguistic semantics, but is used in English natural language processing, where a reasoning engine performs case role analysis to establish progressively more specialized case roles from speech: 'subject', 'agent', 'mother', 'Fred's mother', being the progression that results from the 'you gave birth to Fred.'.
References:
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