The Battle of Manzikert occurred in August, 1071 between Byzantine forces and Turkish forces, resulting in the crushing defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes.
Historians are practically unanimous in dating the decline of Byzantine fortunes to this battle, as well as in considering it one of the root causes for the later Crusades.
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... in Italy. At the time of Justinian, he was a Christian and possibly bishop of Croton. In approximately 580, he wrote "De origine actibusque Getarum[?]" (The origin and deeds ...