It is a volcanic plug and over 100 m high. It is part of the Firth of Forth Islands SPA, a Special Protection Area covering some, but not all of the islands in the inner and outer Firth. Bass Rock itself is an SSSI, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, in its own right.
It plays host to the largest gannet (Morus bassana) population on the east coast of the United Kingdom.
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