Aphelocoma is a small genus of jays from the New World occour in south western North America, Mexico and an outlying population in Florida. They are crestless and generally have more subdued coloring than most jays and have no barring on their feathers. They have undergone a revision in their classification of late. The most studied of this species complex is the one listed below.
... has existed all throughout human history, and probably pre-dates the emergence of effective medicine.
Quackery is still abundant today, herbal medicine[?], ...