9th century

(8th century - 9th century - 10th century - other centuries)

• Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century
• Viking attacks on Europe begin
• Oseberg ship burial
• around 813-around 915 - period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas
• 800-909 - rule of Aghlabids[?] as independent dynasty in North Africa
• 863-879 - period of schism between eastern and western churches

Significant people

• Arnulf of Carinthia
• Charlemagne
• Louis the Pious
• Alfred the Great

• First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source - illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, A.D. 843)

Decades and Years